Descriptive Statistical Analysis of Trends and Disparities in School Enrollment Rates for Students Aged 16–18 by Province in Indonesia, 2014–2023
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.59890/ijaer.v4i4.12Keywords:
School Participation Rate, Secondary Education, Regional Inequality, Educational Access, IndonesiaAbstract
Expanding access to secondary education is essential for human capital development, yet improvements in national participation rates may coexist with persistent regional inequalities. This study examines the development and interprovincial disparities in the School Participation Rate (SPR) among individuals aged 16–18 years across Indonesian provinces during the 2014–2023 period. Using secondary data from Statistics Indonesia (Badan Pusat Statistik/BPS), the study analyzes provincial year-level observations through descriptive statistical measures, including the mean, median, minimum, maximum, standard deviation, coefficient of variation, inter-period changes, and provincial comparisons. The findings indicate that the average SPR increased from 72.74% in 2014 to 75.50% in 2023, demonstrating an overall expansion in participation in secondary education. However, this progress was accompanied by persistent interprovincial inequality. In 2023, the SPR ranged from 64.15% in Papua to 91.17% in the Special Region of Yogyakarta, producing a gap of approximately 27 percentage points. Although the coefficient of variation declined modestly from 8.48% in 2014 to 8.05% in 2023, the relatively stable level of variation indicates that improvements in national participation have not substantially eliminated regional disparities. The findings further show substantial differences in the pace of improvement across provinces, with some regions experiencing considerably faster growth than others. These results suggest that expanding educational participation at the national level does not automatically translate into equitable access across regions. Policy interventions should therefore combine national expansion strategies with geographically targeted measures addressing infrastructure, financial barriers, educational accessibility, and the specific socioeconomic conditions of low-participation provinces.
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